You rely on your home’s heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system to work correctly, maintaining comfort and air quality. When issues arise with these complex systems, you may need to call in a professional. However, understanding your system and knowing what to expect can help you make informed decisions before you call in a pro. This guide will walk you through the essential information you need before contacting an HVAC pro, so you can feel confident about your choice.
Understanding Your HVAC System
Before calling a professional, it’s helpful to have a basic understanding of your HVAC system. This knowledge can assist you in communicating issues more effectively and making informed decisions about maintenance and repairs. Every HVAC system is a complex assembly of components working together, and a little insight into how these parts function can save time and money.
Common Types of HVAC Systems
There are several types of HVAC systems commonly found in homes, including:
- Forced-air systems: These use ducts to distribute heated or cooled air throughout your home
- Radiant heating systems: These heat surfaces in your home, such as floors or walls, which then radiate heat into the space
- Heat pumps: These systems can both heat and cool your home by transferring heat from one area to another
- Ductless mini-split systems: These provide heating and cooling to one or more rooms without the need for ductwork
Knowing the type of system you have can help you better understand its needs and potential issues. Each system type has its advantages and maintenance requirements, influencing how you care for your HVAC.
Key Components of HVAC Equipment
Regardless of the type of system you have, most HVAC setups include these essential components:
- Thermostat: Controls the temperature and operation of the system
- Furnace or air handler: Heats or moves air throughout your home
- Evaporator and condenser coils: Work together to cool the air (in air conditioning systems)
- Ductwork: Channels air throughout your home (in forced-air systems)
- Air filter: Removes particles from the air to improve air quality
Other HVAC Terms To Know
When purchasing a new unit, these terms allow you to compare apples to apples among units in the same fuel category:
- SEER: The seasonal energy-efficiency ratio (SEER) rates how many Btu an air-conditioning unit will remove for each watt of electricity consumed. The higher the SEER, the less you spend on operating costs. Federal law mandates a minimum SEER of 10 for all new air-conditioning units.
- Tonnage: An air-conditioning ton equals 12,000 Btu per hour. That means a three-ton air conditioner can remove about 36,000 Btu of heat per hour from your home.
- AFUE: The annual fuel utilization efficiency estimates how much heat a unit delivers for every dollar spent on fuel. The higher the AFUE, the lower your heating bills.
Signs It’s Time To Call an HVAC Professional
While some HVAC maintenance tasks can be done by homeowners, certain signs indicate it’s time to call in a professional. Recognizing these signs early can prevent more serious issues and costly repairs down the line.
Unusual Noises or Odors
Strange sounds or smells coming from your HVAC system often signal a problem. Pay attention to any banging, clanking, or whistling noises you hear. Or any musty, burning, or electrical smells.
These could indicate issues ranging from loose parts to electrical problems or mold growth. Addressing these issues promptly can prevent further damage and ensure your system operates safely.
Inconsistent Heating or Cooling
If you notice uneven temperatures throughout your home or your system struggles to maintain the desired temperature, it may be time for professional attention. This could be due to:
- Clogged filters
- Leaky ductwork
- Malfunctioning thermostats
- Issues with the heating or cooling components
Inconsistent heating or cooling can also lead to higher energy bills, as your system works harder to maintain comfort levels.
Sudden Spike in Energy Bills
An unexplained increase in your energy bills could indicate that your HVAC system is working harder than it should. This might be caused by aging or inefficient equipment, leaks in the ductwork, or improper maintenance.
A professional can diagnose the issue and suggest solutions to improve energy efficiency, potentially saving you money in the long run.
Frequent Cycling
Frequent cycling, where the system turns on and off more often than usual, can be a sign of underlying issues such as a failing thermostat, improper refrigerant levels, or a malfunctioning component. This not only affects your personal comfort level but can also reduce the lifespan of your HVAC system due to excessive wear and tear.
How To Choose the Right HVAC Contractor
Selecting a reputable HVAC contractor helps ensure quality service and repairs. Take the time to research and compare options before making a decision. A good contractor can provide not only solutions to your current problems but also advice for maintaining your system in optimal condition.
Checking Credentials and Certifications
Look for contractors who are:
- Licensed and insured
- Certified by organizations such as NATE (North American Technician Excellence)
- Experienced with your specific type of HVAC system
Reading Customer Reviews and Testimonials
Online reviews and testimonials can provide insight into a contractor’s reliability and quality of work. Look for consistent positive feedback or responses to negative reviews explaining their position. Also, check for reviews mentioning similar issues to yours to see how the professional treated the issue.
Comparing Multiple Quotes
Obtain quotes from at least three different contractors. This allows you to compare pricing and assess the scope of the work proposed. It will also allow you to evaluate the professionalism of each contractor so you can choose who you’re most comfortable with.
Remember, the lowest price isn’t always the best choice. Consider the overall value and reputation of the contractor. It’s often worth paying a bit more for quality service that ensures long-term satisfaction and peace of mind.
Good communication is key to a successful working relationship. Evaluate how responsive and transparent the contractor is during the consultation phase. Prompt and clear communication can reflect their approach to project management and customer service.
Essential Questions To Ask Your HVAC Pro
Asking the right questions can help you understand the service you’re receiving and make informed decisions about your HVAC system.
About System Maintenance
Inquire about:
- Recommended maintenance schedule
- Tasks you can perform yourself
- Signs that indicate a need for professional service
Regarding Energy Efficiency
Ask about:
- The SEER rating of your current system
- Potential upgrades to improve efficiency
- Energy-saving tips specific to your system and home
Concerning Warranty and Service Agreements
Understand the terms of:
- Manufacturer warranties on equipment
- Warranties on labor and repairs
- Available service agreements or maintenance plans
Diagnostic and Service Techniques
Understanding your professional’s diagnostic approach can also be informative. Ask about:
- The tools and technology they use for diagnostics
- How they approach troubleshooting common issues
- Their methods for ensuring accurate results
What To Expect During an HVAC Service Call
Knowing what to expect during a service call can help you prepare and ensure a smooth process.
Initial Assessment and Diagnostics
The technician will typically:
- Inspect your entire HVAC system
- Run diagnostic tests to identify issues
- Check refrigerant levels and electrical connections
This thorough assessment helps pinpoint the root cause of any problems.
Repair or Replacement Options
Based on the assessment, the technician will then explain any issues found and provide repair options and recommendations, as well as discuss any replacements that may be necessary.
Cost Estimates and Timelines
A professional technician will provide detailed cost estimates and expected timelines for the recommended repairs or replacements. Transparency in these aspects is crucial for planning and budgeting.
Post-Service Follow-Up
After the service, a good contractor will:
- Explain what work was performed
- Provide maintenance tips
- Schedule any necessary follow-up appointments
Tips for Choosing a Contractor When Purchasing a New HVAC System
Heating and cooling equipment is designed to last at least 15 to 20 years. If your system is older than this, you might want to have its condition assessed. Although replacing HVAC equipment is a major expense, modern systems operate much more efficiently than the older units they replace.
Most HVAC contractors specialize in designing and installing the systems of a few manufacturers, so no one shop is going to carry every major brand. But before you worry about the equipment, it makes sense to find contractors in your area that are knowledgeable and service-oriented.
Vetting Potential HVAC Contractors
Start your search by asking neighbors, friends, and family what companies they hired to replace a furnace or air-conditioning system. If they were happy with the installation, ask their contractor to come over and talk to you about heating or cooling your house.
You should meet with at least two contractors; hire someone who installs products from at least two manufacturers. Don’t forget to consider your service company if you have one. You’re under no obligation to hire the firm for the new system, but its technicians do have a good understanding of the conditions in your home.
Importance of a Properly Sized Unit
When picking a contractor, remember that sizing an HVAC unit by matching it to the home and existing ducting requires skill and experience. A poor design typically results in a system that doesn’t deliver a consistent temperature from room to room and costs more to operate. But it can be even more serious than that. In very tight houses served by ductwork, poor design can lead to back-drafting, a dangerous situation where flue gases are sucked back into the house.
Most HVAC shops are small, so the owner should be involved with the system design and either participate actively in the installation or inspect it when it’s done. You don’t want your system designed by a salesman with no field experience.
Types of Services an HVAC Company Should Offer
Any contractor you’re considering also should offer these products and services:
Heat-Loss Calculation
This process estimates the Btu capacity needed to heat or cool your home. The calculation should include the amount and type of insulation in the walls, attic and floors of your home, as well as the type, number and location of windows and doors.
This data is combined with your regional climatic conditions to determine the size of the air conditioner you need. Software has made these calculations relatively easy, but HVAC technicians who don’t perform this calculation often specify oversized equipment to be safe. That’s dollars out of your pocket now and each time you get a utility bill.
Energy Advice
When sizing an HVAC unit, a good contractor will advise you of energy upgrades, such as adding another layer of insulation to the attic. These may allow you to buy a smaller HVAC unit.
Automatic Controls
A setback thermostat, which contains a timer, should regulate all HVAC systems. Today there are plenty of options for automatic system controls, including smart thermostats that you can control from your phone.
Payback Calculations
A quality HVAC contractor will show you payback calculations for the various units they offer, and those calculations should give you estimates of seasonal operating costs. Variables the contractor will use in their calculations include your regional heating or cooling load, the heating or cooling capacity of the units you are considering and the costs of various types of energy, so you can compare the costs of electric, gas and oil.
Once you receive itemized estimates, you compare costs and do some of your own research on equipment. Start by visiting ENERGY STAR to find energy-efficient systems, or contact your utility company for comparative lists. Look at operating efficiency and costs as well as consumer-rated reliability. Then compare your knowledge of the contractors involved and make your decision.
Tips for Maintaining Your HVAC System Between Professional Visits
Regular maintenance can help prevent issues and extend the life of your HVAC system. Here are some tasks you can perform between professional service calls.
Regular Filter Changes
Changing your air filter regularly is one of the most important maintenance tasks you can do. It helps improve air quality, increase system efficiency, and reduce strain on the system. Most filters should be changed every 1-3 months, depending on usage and type.
Keeping the Area Around Your Unit Clear
For optimal performance:
- Keep outdoor units free from debris and vegetation
- Ensure indoor units have proper clearance for airflow
- Clean vents and registers regularly
Inspecting and Cleaning Ductwork
Regular inspection and cleaning of your ductwork can prevent dust buildup and ensure efficient airflow. Look for visible dirt and debris and schedule professional cleanings as necessary.
Monitoring System Performance
Pay attention to your system’s performance and note any irregularities. Early detection of issues can prevent larger problems and expensive repairs. Listen for unusual sounds, monitor energy usage, and check for uneven temperatures.
Understanding HVAC Terminology
Familiarizing yourself with common HVAC terms can help you communicate more effectively with professionals and make informed decisions about your system.
SEER Ratings
SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) rates how efficiently an air conditioning unit operates. A higher SEER rating indicates greater efficiency. When comparing units:
- Look for SEER ratings of 13 or higher for central air conditioners
- Consider that higher SEER ratings often mean higher upfront costs but lower operating costs
Decoding AFUE and EER
AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency) measures the efficiency of gas furnaces. A higher AFUE percentage indicates greater efficiency. For example, an 80% AFUE rating means 80% of the fuel is converted to heat. Modern high-efficiency furnaces can have AFUE ratings of 95% or higher.
EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio) is similar to SEER but measures efficiency at a constant temperature. It’s often used for room air conditioners and heat pumps.
Understanding HSPF
HSPF (Heating Seasonal Performance Factor) measures the efficiency of heat pumps. A higher HSPF rating indicates better heating efficiency. Comparing HSPF ratings can help you choose the most efficient heating option for your climate.