Saving energy at home does more than just lower your utility bills—it makes your home more comfortable and environmentally friendly as well. This guide explains a number of energy-saving methods, from quick fixes to larger home upgrades, to help lower your energy bill and improve your home life.
Common Energy Drains in Households
To better save energy, you must first understand where the most energy is used. Several household appliances and systems contribute significantly to your energy bills. The biggest energy consumers typically include the following items:
- Heating and cooling systems: These systems drain energy as they struggle to maintain a consistent temperature, especially in poorly insulated homes. Inefficient or outdated units often run longer than necessary, wasting energy and driving up costs.
- Lighting: Traditional incandescent bulbs convert most of their energy into heat rather than light, making them highly inefficient. Leaving lights on in unoccupied rooms or using overly bright bulbs can lead to unnecessary energy waste.
- Refrigerators and freezers: These appliances must run continuously to keep food cold, using more energy if the coils are dirty or if you open the door frequently. Poor insulation or an overfilled freezer can force the compressor to work harder, draining more power.
- Washing machines and dryers: Washing machines use significant energy to heat water, especially in hot water cycles, while dryers consume a lot of electricity to generate the heat needed to dry clothes. Overloading or underloading these appliances can make them less efficient, increasing energy consumption.
- Water heaters: Water heaters consume energy by constantly heating a large volume of water, even when it’s not needed. Older models or those set too high can cycle on frequently, leading to excessive energy use.
How To Determine Your Home’s Energy Usage
To get a clear picture of your energy consumption, review your utility bills. Many energy providers offer online tools to track your usage over time. You can also use a home energy monitor to get real-time data on your energy consumption. This information will help you identify patterns and areas where you can reduce energy use.
Saving Energy With HVAC Systems
The best way to save energy on heating and cooling is to buy a modern, energy-efficient appliance that’s sized appropriately for your home. When replacing your HVAC system, choose the right size for your home. An oversized system will cycle on and off too frequently, wasting energy, while an undersized system will struggle to maintain comfortable temperatures.
Have a professional calculate heat loss to determine the appropriate size for your home, and look for HVAC systems with high Energy Star ratings. These products meet strict energy efficiency guidelines set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Energy. Energy Star-certified HVAC systems offer better heating and cooling savings than standard models.
Saving Energy With Insulation
Insulating your attic is one of the best ways to boost your home’s energy efficiency. Fiberglass batts—pre-cut panels of dense, fibrous material—offer a cost-effective solution for attics with standard joist spacing. For areas with unusual layouts or obstructions, loose-fill insulation, applied by a contractor, might be the better choice to ensure every nook and cranny is properly covered.
Insulating your walls and floors can further improve your home’s energy efficiency. Options include blown-in cellulose, spray foam, or rigid foam boards. Each has its advantages depending on your home’s construction and your budget. Consult a professional to determine the best insulation strategy for your specific needs.
Saving Energy With Windows and Doors
Upgrading your windows and doors can significantly impact your home’s energy efficiency by reducing drafts and heat transfer.
If you are upgrading your windows, consider double-pane or triple-pane options. Double-pane windows are more affordable and offer good insulation, while triple-pane windows provide superior energy efficiency but at a higher cost. For optimal insulation, look for windows with low-emissivity (low-E) coatings and argon gas between the panes.
Even if you’re not ready to replace your windows and doors, you can improve their efficiency through proper weather stripping and sealing. This relatively inexpensive DIY project can help reduce drafts and air leaks, leading to noticeable energy savings.
Saving Energy With Smart Appliances
As you replace appliances throughout your home, opt for energy-efficient models to maximize your energy savings.
Refrigerators and Freezers
Modern refrigerators and freezers use significantly less energy than older models. Look for Energy Star-certified appliances, which use less energy than non-certified models. When installing your new refrigerator, make sure there’s about an inch of space on all sides to improve air circulation and efficiency.
Washing Machines and Dryers
Front-loading washing machines typically use less water and energy than top-loading models. They also spin clothes more effectively, reducing drying time. When choosing a dryer, look for models with moisture sensors that automatically stop the cycle when clothes are dry, preventing over-drying and wasting energy.
Saving Energy With Lighting
Both LED and compact fluorescent (CFL) bulbs are more energy-efficient than traditional incandescent bulbs. According to the Department of Energy, LEDs are generally the most efficient option, using up to 75% less energy and lasting up to 25 times longer than incandescent bulbs. While they may cost more upfront, their long lifespan and energy savings make them a cost-effective choice in the long run.
Installing a smart lighting system lets you control your lights remotely and schedule automatic on/off times. Some systems can detect when a room is unoccupied and turn off lights automatically, reducing energy waste.
Saving Energy With Water Heaters
Tankless water heaters heat water on demand, eliminating the need to keep a large tank of water hot at all times. For homes that use 41 gallons or less of hot water daily, they can be up to 34% more energy-efficient than traditional tank models. However, they have a higher upfront cost and may require upgrades to your home’s electrical system.
Regardless of the type of water heater you have, proper maintenance can improve its efficiency. Flush your water heater annually to remove sediment buildup, insulate hot water pipes, and set the temperature to 120°F to balance efficiency and comfort.
Saving Energy With Renewable Energy Solutions
Incorporating renewable energy sources into your home can significantly reduce your reliance on the grid and lower your energy bills. Below are examples of renewable upgrade options for your home.
Solar Panels
Solar panels can provide clean, renewable energy for your home. While the initial investment can be substantial, many homeowners see significant long-term savings on their energy bills. Additionally, federal, state, and local incentives are often available to offset the installation cost.
Wind and Geothermal Energy Options
Small-scale wind turbines or geothermal heat pumps can provide additional renewable energy options for homes in suitable locations. These systems typically require a larger initial investment but can offer substantial energy savings over time.
Daily Habits To Reduce Energy Consumption
In addition to home improvements, adopting energy-saving habits can significantly reduce your energy use.
Thermostat Settings and Programming
According to the energy department, you can save up to 10% on your heating and cooling bills by adjusting your thermostat by 7–10 degrees Fahrenheit from its typical settings. Use a programmable or smart thermostat to adjust your home’s temperature automatically based on your schedule. In summer, set the temperature slightly higher when you’re away or sleeping. In winter, lower the temperature when you’re not at home or overnight.
Unplug Electronics and Appliances
Many electronics and appliances continue to draw power even when turned off. Use power strips to easily cut power to multiple devices when not in use, or unplug items like phone chargers and coffee makers when they’re not needed.
Incentives and Credits for Energy-Efficient Homes
You can use the following federal, state, and local government programs to help lower the cost of your energy-efficient home improvements.
Federal Tax Credits for Energy Improvements
The federal government offers tax credits for energy-efficient home improvements, including solar panels, wind turbines, and geothermal heat pumps. These credits are available under the Inflation Reduction Act, approved in August 2022. They can help offset the cost of installation and make renewable energy more accessible.
State and Local Energy-Saving Programs
Many states and local utilities offer additional incentives for energy-efficient upgrades. These may include rebates on Energy Star appliances, discounts on energy audits, or low-interest loans for energy-saving home improvements. Check with your local utility company or state energy office for available programs. You can also check the Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency (DSIRE) for more information about local incentives.
Smart Home Technologies
Integrating smart home technologies can make monitoring and reducing your energy consumption effortless. Below, we’ll outline some available upgrades.
Smart Thermostats
Smart thermostats learn your heating and cooling preferences, automatically adjusting temperatures to optimize energy use. They can be controlled remotely via smartphone apps, ensuring you’re not heating or cooling an empty home. Many models provide detailed energy usage reports, helping you identify and adjust high-consumption periods. Furthermore, some smart thermostats integrate with other smart home devices, creating a cohesive and efficient home environment.
Home Energy Management Systems
A home energy management system (HEMS) allows you to monitor and control various energy-consuming devices and systems. These systems provide real-time data on energy usage, enabling you to make informed decisions about reducing consumption. By automating energy-saving measures, such as turning off lights and adjusting HVAC settings, a HEMS can help you achieve maximum efficiency with minimal effort.
Smart Plugs and Power Strips
Smart plugs and power strips allow you to control and monitor the energy use of individual devices. Smartphone apps can automate on and off schedules for your appliances, ensuring they’re not using power when unnecessary. Some models even offer insights into the energy consumption of connected devices, helping you identify and eliminate energy vampires.
Selecting the Right Energy-Efficient Home Improvements
Choosing the right energy-efficient home improvements involves considering various factors such as cost, potential savings, and your household’s specific needs. Use the steps below to determine the best upgrades for your home.
Energy Audits
A home energy audit provides a detailed look at how your home uses energy. Professional auditors use specialized tools to find energy inefficiencies and recommend targeted improvements. Some utilities offer free or discounted audits, but investing in a thorough audit can lead to significant long-term savings.
Prioritizing Improvements
After an energy audit or your assessment, prioritize upgrades that offer the best return on investment. Start with areas that have the most significant energy drains, like HVAC systems, insulation, and windows. Address more minor improvements, such as lighting and appliances, to achieve cumulative savings.
DIY vs. Professional Upgrades
Some energy-efficient upgrades, like weather stripping and smart plug installation, are ideal for DIY. Larger projects, like HVAC replacements and solar panel installations, usually require professional expertise. Consider your skills and the project’s complexity before deciding whether to do it yourself or hire a professional.
