Installing a front entry intercom system can significantly enhance your home’s security and convenience. This modern upgrade allows you to communicate with visitors before opening the door, providing an extra layer of safety and peace of mind.
In the video above, This Old House host Kevin O’Connor and electrician Scott Matthews upgrade a homeowner’s front entry doorbell. Let’s walk through the process of installing a front entry intercom, from selecting the right system to connecting the final wires.
Types of Intercom Systems
There are several types of intercom systems available for residential use:
- Wired systems: These traditional systems use cables to connect all components, offering reliable communication but requiring more extensive installation.
- Wireless systems: These modern options use radio frequencies or Wi-Fi to communicate, making installation easier but potentially less reliable in some environments.
- Video intercom systems: These advanced units include a camera, allowing you to see and speak with visitors.
Features to Consider
When selecting an intercom system, look for features that enhance functionality and user experience:
- Integration with existing home security systems
- Multiple indoor units
- Remote access via smartphone apps
- Two-way communication
- Weather-resistant outdoor units
Cost Considerations
The cost of an intercom system can vary widely depending on the type and features you choose. Basic audio-only systems may cost as low as $1,500*, while more advanced video intercom systems can cost upward of $15,000. Factor in additional costs for professional installation if you’re not comfortable with DIY electrical work.
*Cost information in this article is based on data from HomeAdvisor.
Preparing for Intercom Installation
Once you’ve selected your intercom system, it’s time to prepare for the installation process. Proper preparation ensures a smooth and efficient installation.
Gathering Tools and Materials
Before you begin, gather the following tools and materials:
- Cat5 cable
- Drill and drill bits
- Fish tape
- Intercom system components
- Level
- Old work electrical boxes
- Pencil
- Screwdrivers
- Tape measure
- Voltage tester
- Wire strippers
Planning the Layout
First, carefully plan the locations for your intercom components. Choose a location for the outdoor unit that’s easily accessible to visitors and protected from the elements. Decide on a convenient location for your indoor unit; they’re typically installed in high-traffic areas like the kitchen or living room. Map out the wiring route from the outdoor unit to the indoor unit and the central distribution point.
Safety Precautions
Always prioritize safety when working with electrical systems:
- Turn off power to the area where you’ll be working at the main circuit breaker.
- Use a voltage tester to confirm that power is off before beginning work.
- Wear safety glasses and gloves when drilling or cutting.
Installing the Outdoor Intercom Unit
The outdoor unit is the primary point of interaction for visitors, so proper installation is crucial for both functionality and aesthetics.
Mount the Outdoor Unit
To mount the outdoor unit:
- Mark the mounting location at approximately 54 inches above the ground, which is a comfortable height for most adults and children.
- Use the unit’s mounting bracket or the unit itself as a template to mark screw holes.
- Drill pilot holes for the mounting screws.
- Feed the wiring through the wall and connect it to the unit according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Secure the unit to the wall with the provided screws.
Weatherproofing Considerations
You’ll need your outdoor unit to be protected from the elements:
- Choose a location that’s sheltered from direct rain and sunlight if possible.
- Use silicone caulk around the edges of the unit to create a waterproof seal.
- Consider installing a small awning or cover above the unit for additional protection.
Running the Intercom Wiring
You’ll need proper wiring for a reliable intercom system.
Fish Wire Through Walls
To run wires through existing walls:
- Locate a suitable path for the wires, such as a chimney chase or other vertical void.
- Use a fish tape to guide the Cat5 cable from the attic down to the desired location.
- Create small access holes at the top and bottom of the wall if necessary.
- Pull the cable through gently, being careful not to damage the insulation.
Connect to the Central Distribution Point
The central distribution point is typically located in the basement or utility room:
- Install the central distribution box in an accessible location.
- Run all Cat5 cables to this central point.
- Leave enough slack in the cables for easy connections.
- Label each cable clearly to identify its corresponding unit.
Installing Indoor Intercom Units
Place indoor units in convenient locations throughout the home for easy access.
Mount Indoor Units
To install indoor units:
- Choose locations that are easily accessible and at a comfortable height for all family members.
- Use an old work electrical box as a template to trace the outline on the wall.
- Cut out the drywall carefully using a drywall saw.
- Feed the Cat5 cable through the hole and into the electrical box.
- Mount the electrical box securely in the wall.
- Connect the wiring to the indoor unit according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Secure the unit to the electrical box.
Connecting Multiple Units
If your system includes multiple indoor units:
- Ensure each unit has its own dedicated Cat5 cable running to the central distribution point.
- Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for programming each unit with a unique identifier.
- Test communication between all units to ensure proper functionality.
Final Connections and Intercom Testing
Once all components are in place, it’s time to make the final connections and test the system.
Wiring the Central Distribution Unit
At the central distribution point:
- Connect each Cat5 cable to the appropriate port on the distribution unit.
- Ensure all connections are secure and properly seated.
- Connect the power supply to the distribution unit.
System Configuration
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to configure your system:
- Set up individual unit identifiers if required.
- Program any custom features or settings.
- Set volume levels for indoor and outdoor units.
Testing the System
Now, you can test your newly installed intercom system:
- Power on the system at the circuit breaker.
- Test communication between all indoor units.
- Test the outdoor unit by having someone ring the bell and speak through the intercom.
- Adjust volume levels and settings as needed for optimal performance.
Additional Tips for Intercom Installation
Addressing Common Issues
When installing an intercom system, you may encounter common issues such as signal interference, inadequate power supply, or wiring complications. Always check the manufacturer’s troubleshooting guide for solutions to specific problems. If signal interference is a concern, consider using shielded cables or relocating the units to minimize disruption.
Upgrading Existing Systems
If you already have an older intercom system installed, upgrading to a new one can be a more straightforward process. Often, you can use the existing wiring and simply replace the old units with newer models. This reduces installation time and complexity.
Enhancing Home Security
Integrating your intercom system with other home security features can further enhance your overall safety. Consider pairing it with surveillance cameras, smart locks, and motion sensors. This integrated approach allows for real-time monitoring and control of your home’s entry points.
Maintenance and Care for an Intercom System
Regular maintenance ensures the longevity and optimal performance of your intercom system. Periodically check all connections and cables for wear and tear. Clean the outdoor unit regularly to prevent dust and debris from affecting its operation. Update the system’s firmware as recommended by the manufacturer to keep the software up-to-date with the latest features and security enhancements.
Professional Front Entry Intercom Installation
Although installing an intercom system can be a DIY project, professional installation guarantees that the system is set up correctly and safely. If you’re unsure about any part of the installation process, we recommend seeking professional help to save time and provide peace of mind.
