How To Build a Cinder Block Wall
Building a cinder block wall requires gathering tools and materials, some planning, and several steps to finish the job. Our guide outlines all the steps and more.
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A cinder block wall on your property can offer more privacy, security, and aesthetic appeal. Cinder blocks are easier to handle than heavy concrete, which often requires a professional approach. They’re also durable, versatile, and cost-effective.
Building a cinder block wall in your yard may seem complex, but it’s possible to do it yourself. Our guide will walk you through all the steps and provide the knowledge you need to successfully build a cinder block wall.
Cinder Block Wall Basics
A cinder block (also called a concrete masonry unit or CMU) is a hollow rectangular-shaped structure made of concrete and congregate materials. The proportion of aggregate components in the cinder block makes them much lighter than traditional concrete blocks. These blocks are less durable than concrete, and you can’t use them for all the same purposes. However, they’re excellent for structures that don’t require exceptional strength.
Dimensions
Cinder blocks usually come in standard dimensions to simplify compatibility and streamline construction. Common dimensions include the following:
- Width: 8 inches
- Height: 8 inches
- Length: 16 inches
Variations in the size and shape of these blocks are possible, but you’re unlikely to need them for your residential construction project.
Life Span
A well-constructed cinder block wall can have an impressive life span. Factors that can affect the longevity of your wall consist of the following:
- Exposure to weather elements
- Installation quality
- Maintenance
- Material quality
Cinder block walls don’t require extensive care, but periodic inspections and proper drainage can extend their life.
Stability
Cinder blocks aren’t as stable as standard concrete blocks. The stability of your wall relies on several factors, including the following:
- Adequate reinforcement
- Alignment precision
- Proper foundation
We don’t recommend making cinder block walls higher than 6 six feet without additional reinforcement. The higher you make them, the less stable these walls can be. However, they can easily go as high as 20 feet with proper reinforcement.
Strength
The strength of a cinder block is determined by the type of clay and sand mixture used during the manufacturing process. Meanwhile, the strength of the wall also depends on the construction technique you use.
Reinforcing the wall with steel reinforcement bars (rebars) and utilizing high-quality mortar enhances its structural integrity.
When To Build a Cinder Block Wall
A cinder block wall can serve many purposes, which we detail below.
Privacy and Security
If your current vinyl or wood fence doesn’t offer you the privacy you need, you may want to consider creating a cinder block fence. This solid barrier will do wonders for enclosing your outdoor spaces. Meanwhile, its structural integrity and durability can keep unwanted guests out.
Cinder brick walls are also great at soundproofing your property. A wall can keep some of the noise out if your house faces a busy street.
Property Enhancement
You can improve your landscaping by using cinder blocks to create a raised garden bed, decorate firepits, and design seating areas.
You can also section off parts of your yard with a garden wall to create more usable space. Another way to use cinder blocks is to create enclosures for air conditioning units, trash bins, or propane tanks.
Structural Support
Constructing a cinder block wall is ideal when additional structural support is necessary for a building or landscaping project. For example, you may decide to build a retaining wall to prevent soil erosion or reinforce a basement foundation.
Permits and Requirements
Building a cinder block wall on your property may necessitate a permit, and you may also have to use rebar for reinforcement. Below is what you need to know about permitting and rebar requirements.
Permits
You may need to obtain a permit to build a block wall. Each city has different regulations and requirements regarding permits for property improvement projects.
For example, in Chicago, you need to obtain a permit when you build a retaining wall higher than 4 feet or install a fence higher than 5 feet. Meanwhile, in Los Angeles, you need to get a permit to build a retaining wall of any height if it supports a slope surcharge.
Check with your city to find out whether you need a permit for this home improvement project.
Rebar Requirements
A steel reinforcement bar may be necessary to improve the integrity of load-bearing walls. Vertically and horizontally placing rebar within the hollow cores of the blocks provides additional strength.
If you’re building a large wall, you’ll likely need rebar. You’ll also need it if you live in an area where tornadoes or hurricanes are common. Check your local building codes to learn when rebars in walls are mandatory.
Building a Cinder Block Wall
You’ll need the following tools and materials for this do-it-yourself (DIY) project:
Tools:
- Chalk snap line
- Circular saw with masonry blade
- Hammer
- Level
- Mason’s trowel
- Measuring tape
- Rubber mallet
- Safety gear (gloves, safety glasses, dust mask)
- Wheelbarrow or mortar pan
Materials:
- Cinder blocks
- Masonry cement or mortar mix
- Rebars
- Sand
- Water
You can use the following step-by-step guide to build a cinder block wall once you have all your tools and materials.
1. Plan the Footing
Pick the wall’s location and measure it to determine how many cinder blocks and other materials you’ll need. Next, excavate the footing area. Concrete footings have to be at least twice the width of the block. So, if you have a typical 8-by-8-by-16 cinder block, you need a 16-inch-wide footing.
2. Pour the Concrete
Pour concrete into the excavated trench, leveling it to form a solid footing for the wall. Use a trowel to smooth the surface. The thickness of the poured concrete will depend on the height of the wall. Usually, it should be 6–8 inches thick. You must wait 48 hours for the concrete to dry after pouring.
3. Create a Chalk Line
Use the chalk snap line to mark the layout of the wall on the footing, ensuring straight lines and proper alignment. It will become your reference line for laying blocks.
4. Mix Mortar
Mix one part of cement and four parts of sand to create the mortar. Then, you have to add water gradually to achieve a consistency similar to peanut butter. Keep mixing the mortar until it has a smooth texture without any lumps.
5. Lay the Mortar Base
Moisten the block foundation with water and apply the mortar to the base. Add around 1 inch of the mortar. Use a trowel to spread it evenly.
6. Add the First Row of Cinder Blocks
Place the first row of cinder blocks on the mortar base. Make sure that you align them with the chalk lines. Check if they’re leveled and tap them into place using a rubber mallet.
7. Fill the First Layer With Mortar
Fill the cavities of the bottom layer of cinder blocks with mortar. Then, place a closure block at the end of the first course. You may need to cut it to size to ensure a snug fit. Remove excess mortar.
8. Lay the Second Row
Apply a layer of mortar on top of the first course of cinder blocks, readying it for the second row. Then, place the second layer of cinder blocks on the mortar bed.
The second row should begin with half a block on each side. The third one starts with a full block, and so forth. Repeat the process until you achieve the desired height.
Keep checking the level of your wall as you lay each row. Slight mistakes at the early stages of construction can turn into major problems by the end of the project.
9. Add Cap Blocks
Place cap blocks on top of the final course of cinder blocks. Then, use a striking tool to finish the joints between cinder blocks.
Safety Considerations
You need to pay special attention to safety while building a concrete block wall on your property. Keep the following tips in mind while working on the project:
Follow Instructions Closely
Always read instructions (if available). If you aren’t sure about the directions, consider consulting a professional. Winging any part of the process could lead to an improperly built wall.
Lift Heavy Materials Properly
Cinder blocks aren’t as heavy as concrete blocks, but they’re still formidable. That’s why you have to use proper lifting techniques to avoid strain. Lift with your legs, not your back, and enlist the help of others.
Wear Appropriate Safety Gear
Wear long pants, a long-sleeve shirt, and sturdy work boots to protect your skin from abrasions. Always wear safety glasses to shield your eyes from dust, flying particles, and debris. Also, wear a dust mask to prevent inhalation of airborne particles, which can irritate your lungs.
Our Conclusion
Cinder block walls are durable and aesthetically appealing. You can use them for various purposes, including structural support, privacy, and property enhancement.
If you’d like to build a cinder wall yourself, you can do it with the proper tools and guidance. However, this DIY project requires some experience. If you aren’t sure about your abilities to build a wall successfully, consider seeking professional assistance.
FAQ About Cinder Block Walls
How long does it take to build a cinder block wall?
A cinder block wall can take one to two days to build, depending on the builder’s experience.
Can I build a cinder block wall myself?
Yes, you can build a cinder block wall yourself if you have the right tools, materials, and guidance. However, this DIY project isn’t for newbies.
What are the common mistakes to avoid when building a cinder block wall?
Poor mortar mixing, incorrect foundation preparation, and ignoring the importance of reinforcement bars are common mistakes to avoid when building a cinder block wall.
How do I maintain a cinder block wall?
You can maintain your cinder block wall by resealing it annually or once every two years. You should also clean the surface and inspect it for damages at least once a year.
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