How To Add Automatic Lighting to a Closet

Automatic lighting can make it a lot easier to see when you’re poking around in your closet for a specific shirt. Though it requires moderate skill, it’s an affordable DIY project that can be completed in a few hours. In the video above, lighting expert Scott Caron shows how to install automatic lighting in two different closet configurations.

Preparing for Closet Light Installation

Before you begin the installation process, gather the necessary tools and materials, assess your closet’s layout, and choose your light fixtures. 

Tools and Materials Needed

To install automatic closet lighting, you’ll need the following:

• 14-gauge electrical wire
• Drill/driver
• Electrical junction box
• Light fixtures (fluorescent or LED)
• Miter saw (if needed for custom fitting)
• Motion-activated switch or ball switch
• Screwdriver
• Spade bit
• Transformer (for low-voltage systems)
• Wire cutters
• Wire nuts

Assessing Your Closet Layout

Take time to evaluate your closet’s configuration, considering the following:

• Closet dimensions: Accurately measure the length, width, and height of the closet. These measurements will help you select appropriately sized fixtures and determine the coverage area needed for motion sensors. For irregularly shaped closets, create a simple sketch with measurements to aid in planning.
• Light fixture location: Aim for a central position that provides even illumination throughout the closet. For long, narrow closets, consider multiple fixtures or a strip light. Take into account the height of the ceiling and any overhead storage that might cast shadows. Consider using adjustable or directional lighting to focus on specific areas as needed.
• Nearby power sources: Look for existing outlets or light fixtures in or near the closet you can tap into for power. Check adjacent rooms or hallways for potential power sources if the closet lacks nearby options. If hardwiring isn’t possible, consider battery-operated or rechargeable LED options that don’t require direct wiring.
• Obstacles or unique features: Several features can interfere with light placement, such as shelving, hanging rods, or built-in organizers. Door type—sliding, bifold, or hinged—can affect sensor placement and functionality. Sloped ceilings or awkward corners may also be an obstacle during the installation.
• Switch placement: When installing a motion-activated system, choose a location that allows for easy detection when entering the closet. For walk-in closets, near the entrance is ideal. For reach-in closets, placing the sensor on the ceiling or an upper corner often works best. Avoid locations that will interfere with the door’s operation or get blocked by hanging clothes or stored items.

Choosing the Right Light Fixture

First, decide between fluorescent or LED lights. In the video, Caron opts for fluorescent fixtures because they’re affordable. However, LED options are becoming increasingly popular because they’re energy-efficient and can last up to 50,000 hours, whereas fluorescent lights usually only make it to 20,000 or less.

You’ll also need to decide what fixture size of lights you want. Use the following as guidelines to make sure you have enough illumination:

• Small closets (up to 3 feet wide): 1–2 foot fixture
• Medium closets (3–6 feet wide): 2–3 foot fixture
• Large closets (6+ feet wide): Multiple fixtures or a 4-foot fixture

Step-by-Step Automatic Light Installation Process

Follow these steps to install automatic lighting in your closet:

1. Locate a Power Source

Begin by finding an existing power source near your closet. In the video, Caron locates a suitable power source in the attic. Once found, shut off the power at the circuit breaker before proceeding.

2. Run New Wiring

With the power off, follow these steps:

1. Cut the current power source line with wire cutters.
2. Install an electrical junction box at the cut point.
3. Splice new 14-gauge wires to the old connection using wire nuts.
4. Run the new wires to your closet location, typically behind the drywall.

3. Install the Light Fixture

Install the light fixture as follows:

1. Drill a hole in the closet ceiling where you want the fixture.
2. Feed one of the 14-gauge wires through the hole.
3. Make electrical connections to the light fixture using wire nuts.
4. Secure the fixture to the ceiling according to manufacturer instructions.

4. Set Up the Automatic Switch

The installation process for the switch varies depending on whether you’re using a motion-activated or door-activated system.

For a motion-activated switch, follow these steps:

1. Cut a square hole in the closet wall for the switch box.
2. Feed both sets of wires through the electrical box and secure it to the wall.
3. Connect the wires to the motion-activated switch using a screwdriver.

Install a door-activated ball switch with these steps:

1. Drill a hole in the doorjamb using a spade bit.
2. Install a transformer near the light fixture to convert 120 volts to low voltage.
3. Run low-voltage wires from the transformer to the ball switch location.
4. Insert the ball switch and wiring through the doorjamb.

Safety Considerations for Lighting Installation

When installing automatic closet lighting, keep these safety tips in mind:

• Always turn off power at the circuit breaker before working with electrical wiring.
• Consider hiring a licensed electrician for complex installations.
• Follow local building codes and regulations.
• Make sure all connections are secure and properly insulated.
• Use proper wire connectors and electrical boxes.

Maintaining Your Automatic Closet Lighting

To keep your automatic closet lighting functioning properly, follow these maintenance tips:

• Address any flickering or inconsistent operation promptly.
• Clean fixtures and sensors.
• Keep spare bulbs on hand for quick replacements.
• Regularly check and replace bulbs as needed.
• Test motion sensors and switches periodically.

Improving Closet Functionality

In addition to installing automatic lighting, you may want to make other improvements to make your closet more functional. Here are some ideas:

• Adjustable shelving units for versatile storage
• Baskets or bins for clutter-free storage
• Drawer units for smaller items like socks and accessories
• Hooks for handbags, scarves, and belts
• Shoe racks to keep your footwear organized