Your roof protects you from the elements and maintains your house’s structure’s integrity. What kind of roof is best for your home depends on the climate in which you live, your budget, how much time you’re willing to devote to maintenance, and a number of other factors. Find out whether you should invest in asphalt shingles, metal roofing, tile roofing, or a different type of roofing in our guide below.

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Signs You Need To Replace Your Roof

High-quality roofing materials last for many years. Even the most durable roofs eventually require repairs or replacement, though. You may be able to repair roof damage if you catch it early, so perform annual inspections and address any concerns immediately.

Look for the signs of trouble below, which may indicate it’s time to replace your roof:

• Bald spots on shingles
• Broken tiles
• Increasing energy bills
• Leaks or water stains in the attic
• Loose, buckling, or lifting shingles
• Moss, algae, or mold growing on the roof
• Sagging roof
• Visible water damage

Consider your roof’s age, too. Thee-tab asphalt shingles last for 15–20 years, while architectural shingles frequently last for 30 years or longer. Start planning for your roof’s replacement once it starts approaching the end of its expected lifespan.

If you aren’t sure how old your roof is, ask your realtor, the previous homeowners, or your neighbors. Your local property appraiser’s office may also have that information. Remember that homes that are built around the same time usually have similar roofs, so if you notice your neighbors getting a new roof, you should probably get a new one too.

Common roofing repairs include replacing individual shingles, fixing damaged shingles, and replacing flashing. A roof may need complete replacement if it’s incurred structural damage, surface damage, or if the material is beyond its useful life.

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Factors To Consider When Choosing Roofing Materials

An ASHI-certified home inspector can help you to determine which type of roofing is right for you. Consider the variables below while you decide.

• Appearance: A new roof is a significant investment, and the materials you choose should enhance your home’s overall appearance. Consider color and texture so that you select material that complements your home’s architectural style.
• Building codes: Determine whether there are any restrictions or requirements on roofing materials in your area. Local building codes sometimes mandate requirements for wind-resistant and energy-efficient materials. Ask your roofing contractor which options meet local codes.
• Budget: The cost of installing a new roof varies by material, so determine your budget before you start shopping and stick with it. Pair the upfront cost of a material against its lifespan, potential maintenance requirements, and long-term energy savings.
• Climate: Your local climate can make one type of roofing more suitable than another. Steel roofs may suffer from the salty air in coastal regions, for example, but they’re sturdy enough to withstand high winds.
• Energy efficiency: Certain roofs make your home more energy efficient. Features such as reflective coatings can help lower heating and cooling costs, for example. Visit Energy Star’s website to learn more about making your home more energy efficient.
• Installation: Hire a professional to perform roof work. It’s a dangerous job that requires extensive knowledge and experience, and attempting to install a roof yourself may void the warranty. Factor labor costs into your budget and take time to research reputable companies nearby.
• Maintenance requirements: Factor in how much maintenance a material requires over its lifespan. Wood shingles may need regular treatments to prevent rot, mold, and insect infestation, for example, while metal roofs require minimal upkeep.
• Roof pitch: If your roof has multiple angles, dormers, valleys, or complex designs, you might have limited options for replacement materials. Some materials are more difficult to install on intricate roofs, and others have specific slope requirements.
• Sustainability: Consider that materials such as metal are recyclable and have long lifespans. Many metal roofs and composite shingles are made in part of recycled materials and last longer than traditional asphalt shingles.
• Warranties: Some roof shingle manufacturers provide longer warranties than others. Ask about how long certain warranties last when you’re shopping for roofing materials and getting estimates from contractors.
• Weight: Certain materials such as tile and slate are especially heavy. Make sure your roof structure can support this type of weight before you upgrade to a heavier material.

Check out the video below for tips on how to decide between roofing materials from Tom Silva:

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Asphalt Shingles

Asphalt shingles are the most common roofing material available in the United States. They’re affordable, versatile, and protect against UV rays and harsh weather. They consist of a fiberglass base that’s coated with asphalt and mineral granules.

An asphalt shingle roof is cost-effective, and can offer a good return on investment if you plan to sell your home in the near future. Asphalt shingles require minimal maintenance, but you may need to occasionally inspect them for lifting or tears, and you must occasionally clean them to remove moss buildup.

Three-Tab Shingles

Three-tab shingles are the most basic and economical type of asphalt shingle. They’re uniform and typically last 15–20 years. They’re the least expensive roofing option, and they may not be as durable as other materials in extreme weather conditions.

Architectural Shingles

Architectural shingles, which are also known as dimensional shingles, are thicker and more durable than three-tab shingles. They create a textured, three-dimensional look that mimics the appearance of more expensive materials such as wood or slate. They’re thicker than other shingles, and can last for more than 30 years.

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Metal Roofing

Metal roofing has become increasingly popular because it’s long-lasting, energy-efficient, and sleek. Metal roofing is more expensive than asphalt shingles, but it’s durable and can last for 50 years or longer.

Homeowners can choose from a variety of metal roof styles, such as shingles, corrugated panels, and standing seam panels. Metal roofing is ideal for low-slope and flat roofs.

Steel Roofing

Steel is the most common and affordable type of metal roofing. It’s durable and fire-resistant, and can include zinc or aluminum coating for extra protection against corrosion. Some manufacturers add energy-efficient reflective coatings to reduce heat gain from the sun.

Aluminum Roofing

Aluminum roofing is lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and highly reflective, which makes it an especially energy-efficient choice. Its resistance to salt air corrosion makes it ideal for coastal areas too.

Copper Roofing

Copper roofing develops a beautiful patina over time. It’s the most expensive metal roofing option, but it’s extremely durable and can last centuries if owners properly maintain it.

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Tile Roofing

Tile roofing is classic, elegant, and especially durable. It’s more expensive than some other options, but it can last more than a century with proper care.

Clay Tiles

Clay tile roofs are fire-resistant and last for a long time. They’re very heavy, though, so you’ll need to have a professional inspect your roof to make sure it can sustain the the tiles’ weight. Tiles are difficult to install, which makes them more expensive than other roofing materials.

Concrete Tiles

Concrete tiles are similar to clay tiles but are less expensive. They’re available in various colors and styles, and can mimic the look of slate or wood shakes. Concrete tiles are heavy and may require reinforcement of the roof structure.

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Natural Slate Roofing

Slate roofing is beautiful, durable, and long-lasting. A slate roof that you carefully install can last for 100 years or more. Industry testing shows slate is impact- and fire-resistant, too.

Benefits of Slate Roofing

Slate is aesthetically appealing, durable, fire-resistant, environmentally friendly, and low maintenance. A slate roof costs more than most other roof materials, but it adds value to your home, and you can save money by choosing synthetic slate.

Challenges of Slate Installation

Slate offers many benefits, but it comes with challenges too. It’s one of the most expensive roofing materials and requires professional installation. The weight of slate tiles often calls for additional structural support, which adds to the overall cost of your installation project.

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Wood Shakes and Shingles

Wood shakes and shingles offer a natural, rustic look that appeals to many homeowners. They’re typically made of cedar, redwood, or pine. Wood roofing is also a good insulator and can last up to 30 years if you diligently maintain it.
Wood roofing requires regular upkeep to prevent rot, mold, and insect infestation, though. It’s less fire-resistant than other materials, too.

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Synthetic and Composite Roofing

Synthetic and composite roofing materials look like natural materials, but are more durable and require less maintenance. These materials are becoming increasingly popular among homeowners who seek a balance between aesthetics and practicality.

Synthetic Slate

Synthetic slate mimics the appearance of natural slate but costs much less and weighs less. It’s made of recycled materials and polymers, and is more impact-resistant than natural slate. It’s also easier to install.

Polymer Roofing

Polymer roofing can mimic the look of wood shakes or slate, but it’s more durable and fire-resistant. It’s also lightweight, low-maintenance, and usually includes lengthy warranties.

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Eco-Friendly Roofing Options

Eco-friendly roofing options lower your carbon footprint and offer energy-saving benefits. Read more below.

Green Roofs

Vegetation covers green roofs, which are good insulators, reduce stormwater runoff, and can help to mitigate urban heat island effects. They require more maintenance than traditional roofs, but offer unique environmental benefits.

Solar Tiles

Solar tiles are sleek, integrate seamlessly into your roof, and generate electricity. They’re more expensive than traditional solar panels.

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Comparing Roofing Materials: Lifespan and Cost

Consider the lifespan of roofing materials and associated costs when deciding which roofing type is best for you.

• Asphalt Shingles: 15 to 30 years, $5,800 to $20,000
• Metal Roofing: 40 to 70 years, $5,700 to $25,000
• Natural Slate: 100+ years, $5,800 to $30,000
• Wood Shakes: 20 to 30 years, $16,000 to $27,000
• Synthetic/Composite: 30 to 50 years, $15,000 to $25,000

Costs may vary based on location, complexity of installation, and product choices.

*Cost data in this article sourced from Angi.

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Roofing Installation and Maintenance Considerations

You must properly install and maintain your roof to maximize its lifespan, no matter which material you choose.

Do-It-Yourself vs. Professional Installation

You can install some roofing types with do-it-yourself methods, but most require professional installation. Complex materials such as slate, tile, or metal roofing require special skills and tools. 

Routine Maintenance Tips

Regular maintenance can extend the life of your roof and prevent costly repairs. Consider the tips below.

• Address any issues immediately to prevent further damage.
• Inspect your roof biannually and after severe weather events.
• Keep gutters clean and free of debris.
• Trim overhanging tree branches.
• Schedule professional inspections every few years.

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FAQ About Types of Roofing Materials

What is the best material to use for roofing?

The best material to use for roofing depends on your budget, home style, and local climate. Metal roofing is durable but might not suit all architectural styles, while slate is incredibly long-lasting but expensive, for example.

What is the cheapest type of roof to install?

Three-tab asphalt shingles are the cheapest type of roof to install. They’re affordable, easy to install, and widely available. They don’t last as long as other roofing types though.

What roof material lasts the longest?

Slate and tile roofs last the longest. Slate can last for 150 years.

What is the most common type of roof covering?

Asphalt shingles are the most common type of roof covering in North America. They are popular because they’re affordable, easy to install, and are available in a wide variety of styles and colors.

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