“No matter how basic or complicated your stairway, the railing can often be put together with stock parts off the shelf, but getting the strong connection between the stock parts is key,” says This Old House expert Tom Silva. While the process may seem daunting, you can easily connect your stair railing parts with the right knowledge and tools. In the video above, Silva demonstrates some of the techniques for joining railing components to give you a sturdy and long-lasting installation.
Stair Railing Components
Before diving into the installation process, get to know the various parts that make up a stair railing system. Each component plays an important role in the overall stability and appearance of your railing.
Newel Posts
Newel posts are the vertical supports that anchor the railing to the stairs. They are typically placed at the top and bottom of the staircase, as well as at any turns or landings. Newel posts provide the main structural support for the entire railing system.
When selecting newel posts, choose a style and material that match the decor of your home. Wooden newel posts are a popular choice for their classic appearance, but metal and composite options are also available for a more modern look.
Balusters
Balusters, also known as spindles, are the vertical pieces that fill the space between the handrail and the stair treads or floor. They add safety and a decorative element to the railing system. Balusters come in various designs, from simple straight spindles to intricate wrought-iron patterns. Your choice of balusters can significantly influence the design of your staircase.
Handrails
Handrails are the horizontal component that runs along the top of the balusters. It gives you a gripping surface as you walk up and down the stairs, and it connects to the newel posts at the ends and at any turns in the staircase. Handrails are available in different shapes, such as round or rectangular, and materials like wood, metal, or vinyl. Choose a handrail that is comfortable to grip and complements the style of your stair railing.
Safety Considerations
While installing a stair railing is fairly easy, prioritize safety throughout the process. Here are some important safety considerations to remember while you work:
- Always wear appropriate safety gear, including gloves and safety glasses.
- Ensure your stair railing meets local building codes for height, spacing, and load-bearing capacity.
- Use tools properly and follow manufacturer instructions.
- If you’re unsure about any aspect of the installation, consult a professional.
Preparing for Stair Railing Installation
Before you begin connecting stair railing parts, gather all the necessary materials and tools and prepare your staircase for installation. This preparation will help streamline the process and minimize potential issues.
Gathering Materials
To connect stair railing parts, you’ll need the following tools and materials:
- Drill and drill bits
- Level
- Measuring tape
- Newel posts, balusters, handrails (stair railing components)
- Railing bolts or spring bolts
- Safety equipment (gloves, safety glasses)
- Sandpaper
- Screws and fasteners
- Stain or paint (if desired)
- Wood glue
Measuring and Planning
Measure the length of your staircase and determine the number of balusters needed based on local building codes. Take into account the location of any turns or landings, and make sure the handrail’s height and angle also comply with building regulations.
Connecting Stair Railing Parts
With your materials ready and measurements taken, you can start connecting the stair railing parts. In the video above, Silva demonstrates two effective methods for joining railing components securely: railing bolts and spring bolts. Both methods provide a secure hold.
Using Railing Bolts
Railing bolts are a popular choice for connecting stair railing parts due to their strength and reliability. They are typically used in situations where the connection won’t be adjusted frequently due to their rigid, permanent bond. They’re often used on traditional wooden railings. Here’s how to use them:
- Drill pilot holes in both pieces you’re connecting.
- Insert the railing bolt, ensuring the coarse thread end goes into the wood fiber.
- Place the washer and nut on the opposite end.
- Tighten the nut to create a strong connection between the two parts.
Spring Bolts
Spring bolts offer another effective method for joining railing components. They’re easier to remove and adjust compared to railing bolts, making them a good choice for metal or modern stair railings that may require more frequent modifications. Follow these steps to use spring bolts:
- Insert the spring bolt into one of the pieces you’re connecting.
- Align the second piece with the exposed end of the spring bolt.
- Twist the two parts together, allowing the opposing springs to engage.
- Apply wood glue to reinforce the connection if desired.
Newel Posts
Newel posts serve as the foundation of your stair railing system. To secure newel posts to the staircase, follow these steps:
- Mark the position of the newel post on the stair tread or landing.
- Cut a notch in the tread or landing to accommodate the post if necessary.
- Attach the newel post using lag bolts or a specialized newel post fastener.
- Ensure the post is plumb (perfectly vertical) using a level.
- Check for any movement and tighten fasteners as needed.
Once the newel posts are in place, you can connect the handrails:
- Measure and cut the handrail to the correct length.
- Use a railing bolt or spring bolt to connect the handrail to the newel post.
- Ensure the handrail is level and at the correct height according to local building codes.
- Secure the handrail at any turns or landings, using additional newel posts or wall brackets as needed.
Attaching Balusters
When installing balusters, refer to local building codes to ensure they meet safety standards. Typically, balusters should be spaced so that a 4-inch sphere can’t pass through any gaps. Here’s how to attach them:
- Mark the positions of the balusters on the handrail and stair treads.
- Drill pilot holes at the marked positions.
- Secure the balusters using wood screws or specialized baluster fasteners.
- Ensure each baluster is plumb and evenly spaced.
Finishing Touches
Once all the stair railing parts are connected and installed, it’s time to add the finishing touches to complete your project.
Sanding and Smoothing
Sand all surfaces of the railing system to ensure a smooth finish. Pay attention to any joints or connections to create a seamless appearance. Sanding helps remove any rough edges or splinters, providing a more comfortable grip.
Applying Stain or Paint
If desired, apply stain or paint to your stair railing. Use products that are appropriate for your railing’s material and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application and drying times.
Regular Maintenance
Regularly inspect your railing for any loose connections or wear and address any issues as soon as you notice them. Periodically clean the railing with a mild detergent and water so you can help keep it looking fresh and prevent any buildup of dirt and grime.
