Screwdrivers are essential tools for any do-it-yourself enthusiast or professional, whether tasks involve assembling furniture, repairing electronics, or working on other home improvement projects. Knowing which type of screwdriver to use and how to use it correctly can make a big difference in the quality and efficiency of your work. Read the guide below for the dos and don’ts of using screwdrivers so that you can avoid common mistakes and achieve professional results.
Choosing the Right Screwdriver for the Job
Using the wrong screwdriver can lead to stripped screws, damaged surfaces, and frustration, so it’s important to pick the right model for your task. Read about the different types of screwdriver heads and how to match the tip size to the screw below.
Types of Screwdriver Heads
These are the main types of screwdriver heads:
- Flathead (slotted)
- Hex (Allen)
- Phillips
- Robertson (square drive)
- Torx (star-shaped)
Each type of screwdriver head has advantages and disadvantages. Phillips head screws are common in many household items and you can drive them at angles, for example, while you can find flathead screws in older furniture and electrical fixtures.
Matching Tip Size to Screw
Choosing the correct tip size will help you to prevent damage to the screw and lead to a secure fit. As This Old House Master Carpenter Norm Abram advises: “Nothing ruins a screw faster than a screwdriver tip or bit that’s too small for the slot.”
To find the right fit, start with a larger tip and work your way down until you find a snug fit in the screw’s recess. If you’re using slotted screwdrivers, make sure the tip width matches the screw slot to avoid marring the surrounding surface.
Proper Techniques for Using a Screwdriver
Using a screwdriver correctly makes your job easier and prevents damage to the screw and the surrounding material. Below are some key techniques to keep in mind:
Maintaining Alignment with the Screw
Keep the screwdriver aligned with the screw’s shaft to make sure you achieve maximum torque transfer. This also reduces the risk of slipping or stripping the screw head. Phillips-head screws can tolerate slight angles, but you should maintain a straight alignment whenever possible.
Applying Appropriate Pressure
Apply steady, moderate pressure when you’re driving a screw. Too little pressure may cause the screwdriver to slip, and too much pressure can strip the screw or damage the material you’re using. Let the screwdriver do the work, and avoid forcing it if you encounter resistance.
Using the Right Grip
Finding the proper grip on the screwdriver can help you to achieve control and precision. Hold the handle firmly, but not too tightly, so that your hand doesn’t become fatigued. Place your other hand close to the tip for extra control, especially when you’re dealing with delicate or small screws.
When To Use Hand Screwdrivers vs. Power Tools
Power tools can save you time and effort, but there are certain situations for which a hand screwdriver is the better choice. Understanding when to use each can improve your work quality and prevent accidents.
Tasks Best Suited for Hand Screwdrivers
Hand screwdrivers are best for delicate tasks or jobs that involve working with soft materials. If your project involves hanging cabinet hardware, installing doorknobs, or tightening the screws on switches and switch plates, use a hand screwdriver. These tools also work well with soft metal screws, such as brass or aluminum, which power tools can easily damage.
When To Opt for Power Drills
Power drills are best for driving longer screws, or for jobs that involve working with harder materials. They’re particularly useful when you need to drive many screws quickly or when you’re dealing with screws that require pilot holes.
Combining Both for Efficiency
Combining hand screwdrivers and power drills can sometimes be the most efficient approach to your project. You might start a screw with a hand screwdriver for precision and finish driving it with a power drill to save time. This combination leads to fast, accurate work.
Common Screwdriver Mistakes To Avoid
Even experienced DIYers can make mistakes when using screwdrivers. Try to avoid the common errors below.
Using the Wrong Size Tip
Using a tip that’s too small for your screw is a common error that can cause you to strip screws and damage surfaces. Always make sure you’re using the correct size tip for the screw you’re using.
Applying Excessive Force
Forcing a screwdriver when you encounter resistance can strip screws, damage materials, or even cause injury. If a screw isn’t turning easily, stop and investigate the cause. You might be using the wrong size screwdriver, the screw may not correctly align, or you may need to drill a pilot hole.
Over-tightening Screws
Over-tightening screws can strip the head or damage the material on which you’re working. Be especially cautious of this when you’re working with softer materials such as wood or plastic. Tighten screws only until they are snug and secure.
Handling Difficult Screws
You may occasionally encounter screws that are stubborn or damaged. Knowing how to handle these situations can save you time and frustration.
Dealing with Stripped Screws
Stripped screws can be challenging to remove. Try the methods below.
- Apply a commercial screw extractor tool.
- Cut a new slot in the screw head with a hacksaw or rotary tool.
- Use a rubber band between the screwdriver and the screw for extra grip.
- Use pliers to grip and turn the screw.
Techniques for Loosening Stubborn Screws
If you encounter stubborn screws that won’t budge, tighten an adjustable wrench on a square or hex-shaped screwdriver shaft. Position the movable jaw on the side toward which you’re turning the handle. The wrench provides a second handle that can help the screw to move. If the screw is still stuck, try tightening it a quarter turn to break the seal.
Maintaining and Caring for Your Screwdrivers
Store your screwdrivers in a dry place to prevent rust. Use a toolbox with separate compartments or a wall-mounted rack to keep your screwdrivers organized and prevent damage to the tips. Avoid tossing them loosely in a drawer where they can become dull or damaged.
Regularly clean your screwdrivers with a cloth to remove dirt and debris. If you encounter stubborn grime, use a mild soap solution. Dry the screwdrivers thoroughly to prevent rust. Occasionally apply a light coat of machine oil to metal parts to prevent corrosion and make sure the tools continue to operate smoothly.
Inspect your screwdrivers periodically for signs of wear, such as chipped tips or bent shafts. A damaged screwdriver can make tasks more difficult and more dangerous. Replace worn-out tools quickly.
Safety Precautions When Using Screwdrivers
Make safety a priority when you’re using screwdrivers. Consider the tips below.
Protecting Your Hands
Always keep your free hand away from the path of the screwdriver to avoid injury in case the screwdriver slips. Use work gloves to protect your hands from sharp edges or splinters. If you’re performing a job that requires lots of dexterity, choose thin, cut-resistant gloves that allow for better finger movement.
Securing Your Workspace
Make sure your work area is well-lit and free of clutter. Secure the item on which you’re working to prevent it from moving unexpectedly. If you’re working on an electrical device, always disconnect the power source before you begin work to avoid the risk of electric shock.
Using the Right Tool for the Job
Don’t use screwdrivers for any purposes for which they aren’t intended, such as prying or chiseling, which can damage the tool and lead to accidents.