Air compressors are incredibly useful for powering a variety of tools like nail guns, paint sprayers, and impact wrenches. Picking the right one for your projects can make a huge difference in how well your tools perform and how smoothly your work goes.
In the video above, This Old House general contractor Tom Silva breaks down what to look for when choosing an air compressor and shares practical tips on how you can use one effectively.
Air Compressor Basics
Before you pick an air compressor, it helps to understand the key features. Here’s a quick look at the main parts and what they do.
Pressure Gauges and PSI
Most air compressors come equipped with two pressure gauges:
- Tank pressure gauge: Measures the air pressure stored in the tank in pounds per square inch (PSI).
- Output pressure gauge: Displays the air pressure being delivered through the hose to the tool.
The output pressure gauge is typically fitted with a regulator, allowing you to adjust the air pressure to match the recommended PSI rating of your specific tool. This feature is essential because different tools require varying pressure levels for optimal performance.
Tank Size and Capacity
Air compressors have steel storage tanks to hold compressed air. The tank size, measured in gallons, affects how much air it can hold and how long it can run before you need to refill it:
- Smaller tanks (1-6 gallons): Suitable for light-duty tasks and portability.
- Medium tanks (8-30 gallons): Ideal for most home workshops and small job sites.
- Large tanks (60-200 gallons): Designed for industrial applications and continuous use.
Generally, the larger the tank, the more pressurized air the compressor can deliver without frequent cycling.
SCFM Rating
Another important rating to know is SCFM (standard cubic feet per minute). This tells you how much air the compressor can produce at a given PSI. High-demand tools, like paint sprayers, need a higher SCFM to keep up, while smaller tools, like brad nailers, use less air.
To get the best performance, make sure your compressor’s SCFM rating matches the requirements of the tools you’ll use most often.
Selecting the Right Air Compressor
When selecting an air compressor, think about what you’ll use it for, your workspace, and how portable you need it to be.
Assessing Your Needs
Start by asking these questions:
- What tools will I use?
- How often will I need it?
- Do I need to move it around, or will it stay in one spot?
- What type of power supply do I have (110V or 220V)?
- How much noise can I handle?
Types of Air Compressors
Different types of compressors are better suited for different tasks:
- Pancake compressors: Small, portable, and great for light-duty tasks.
- Hot dog compressors: Compact but a bit more powerful, suitable for mid-range jobs.
- Twin-stack compressors: Offer more air capacity, letting you work longer without stopping.
- Wheelbarrow compressors: Highly portable and perfect for job site use.
- Stationary compressors: Larger models designed for workshop or industrial use.
Power Source and Motor Type
You can choose between electric or gas-powered compressors:
- Electric compressors: Are more common for home and light commercial use, quieter operation.
- Gas-powered compressors: Ideal for outdoor use or areas without electrical access.
Compressors also come with either oil-free or oil-lubricated motors. Oil-free motors don’t need maintenance, while oil-lubricated ones tend to last longer and run quieter but require oil changes.
Using Your Air Compressor Safely and Effectively
Once you’ve selected the right air compressor, it’s important to use it correctly for safety and optimal performance.
Setting Up Your Compressor
Make sure to place your compressor on a stable surface with plenty of ventilation. Connect your air hose and any fittings, and plug the compressor into the proper power source.
Adjusting Pressure for Different Tools
As Silva demonstrates, use the regulator to adjust the output pressure to match your tool’s requirements. This ensures the tool performs well and reduces wear and tear.
Maintenance Tips
To keep your air compressor in top condition:
- Drain the tank daily to remove condensation and prevent rust.
- Check and tighten all fittings regularly.
- Clean or replace the air filter as needed.
- For oil-lubricated models, change the oil at least once a year.
Common Air Compressor Applications
Air compressors power a wide range of tools and applications in both DIY and professional settings.
Pneumatic Tools
Some popular pneumatic (air-powered) tools include:
- Nail guns and staplers
- Impact wrenches
- Air ratchets
- Pneumatic sanders
Painting and Finishing
Use an air compressor for:
- Spray painting
- Texture application
- Airbrush work
Inflation and Cleaning
Other useful applications include:
- Inflating tires and sports equipment
- Blowing dust and debris from work areas
- Powering air-driven cleaning tools
Additional Tips for Better Air Compressor Performance
Here are a few additional tips to help you get the most out of your compressor:
- Proper storage: Store the air compressor in a clean, dry place to prevent moisture buildup and rust.
- Regular inspections: Periodically inspect all hoses, fittings, and connections for any signs of wear or damage. Replacing worn parts can prevent breakdowns and extend the lifespan of your compressor.
- Accurate PSI settings: Always double-check the recommended PSI settings for each tool you use. Using incorrect settings can compromise both tool performance and safety.
- Moisture separators: Consider installing a moisture separator to capture excess condensation before it reaches the tools, especially if you work in humid environments.
Advanced Tools and Features
For users with advanced needs, some air compressors come with additional features and tools that can further improve efficiency and versatility:
- Multi-tool attachments: Certain compressors offer the ability to connect multiple tools simultaneously, saving time on projects that require various tools.
- Automated shutoff: High-quality models often include automated shutoff features that prevent the compressor from running continuously, saving energy and reducing wear and tear.
- Quiet operation: Innovations in design have led to quieter compressors, making them ideal for indoor use or noise-sensitive work environments.
Choosing the Right Air Compressor Accessories
Adding the right accessories to your setup can make a big difference. Consider these:
- Extension hoses: Longer hoses increase the compressor’s reach and flexibility around your workspace.
- Quick-connect couplers: These allow for fast and easy connection of different tools, minimizing downtime.
- Pressure regulators: You can install additional regulators at the tool end of the hose for finer control over air pressure.
Common Issues You May Experience With Air Compressors
Routine inspections and maintenance go a long way in keeping your compressor in good shape. Look out for:
- Air leaks: If you hear hissing, check your hoses and connections for leaks and fix or replace them.
- Inconsistent pressure: A clogged filter or faulty regulator may be to blame.
- Overheating: Make sure your compressor is well-ventilated and not being overworked.