Whether you’re a DIY enthusiast or a professional, a hammer is one of the most essential tools in your kit. Hammers can drive nails, remove fasteners, and even shape materials, but not all hammers are the same. Specific tasks and trades require different hammers, each designed with unique features that make them ideal for particular jobs.
In this guide, we’ll explore the various types of hammers, their uses, and how to choose the right one for your project. Plus, This Old House general contractor Tom Silva walks host Kevin O’Connor through an array of hammers, explaining their features and demonstrating proper techniques in the video above.
Types of Hammers
Hammers come in various shapes and sizes, each designed for specific tasks and trades. Here’s a breakdown of the most common types of hammers and their key features.
Claw Hammers
Claw hammers are the most common in households and construction sites. They feature a flat striking face on one side and a curved or straight claw on the other. There are a few varieties of claw hammers:
- Curved claw hammers: The curved claw provides good leverage for pulling nails. These are great for general home repair and light carpentry.
- Finish hammers: A lightweight version with a smooth face, perfect for precise work like installing trim or molding.
- Straight claw hammers: With a straight claw, these hammers are versatile tools for framing, demolition, and prying apart boards. Silva says this is his personal favorite, as it can be used for both framing and trim work.
Framing Hammers
Framing hammers are heavier and have a longer handle than standard claw hammers. They’re for heavy-duty construction work, particularly framing and rough carpentry. These are a few types:
- Smooth-face framing hammers: With a flat striking surface, these hammers are less likely to mar the wood surface.
- Titanium framing hammers: Lightweight yet durable, titanium hammers reduce fatigue during extended use.
- Waffle-face framing hammers: These hammers have a textured striking face that helps prevent slippage when driving nails at an angle.
Specialty Hammers
For specific trades, specialty hammers are designed with unique features that suit certain tasks:
- Ball-peen hammers: Commonly used in metalworking, they have a flat face on one side and a rounded “peen” for shaping metal on the other.
- Brick hammers: Also known as mason’s hammers, these tools feature a flat striking face and a chisel-like end for cutting and shaping bricks.
- Drywall hammers: These specialized hammers have a serrated face for driving nails and a hatchet-like end for scoring and breaking drywall.
- Rubber mallets: With a soft rubber head, these hammers are great for gentle tapping and assembly work without damaging surfaces.
Hammer Components and Materials
Understanding the different parts of a hammer and the materials used in its construction can help you choose the right tool for your needs.
Hammer Heads
The head of the hammer is responsible for delivering the striking force. You’ll find them made of different materials:
- Brass heads: Great for jobs where sparking could be dangerous, like working in areas with flammable materials.
- Steel heads: The most common material, providing durability and strength.
- Titanium heads: Lighter than steel, titanium heads reduce fatigue during extended use.
Hammer Handles
The handle of a hammer plays an important role in comfort, control, and shock absorption. Silva explains that the handle is an extension of your arm, emphasizing the importance of finding a comfortable grip:
- Composite handles: These combine materials for durability and good shock absorption.
- Fiberglass handles: Known for their strength and ability to dampen vibration.
- Steel handles: Extremely durable but can transmit more shock to your arm.
- Wood handles: Lightweight and traditional, but may need to be replaced if damaged.
Hammer Faces
The striking surface of a hammer can vary depending on its intended use:
- Magnetic nail starters: Some framing hammers feature a small magnet near the striking face to hold a nail in place for one-handed starting.
- Smooth faces: Ideal for finish work and general-purpose use, smooth-faced hammers are less likely to mar surfaces.
- Waffle faces: Also known as milled faces, these textured surfaces provide a better grip on nail heads, especially when driving nails at an angle.
Choosing the Right Hammer
Selecting the appropriate hammer for your task can significantly affect your work’s efficiency and quality. Think about the following factors when choosing a hammer for your next project.
Weight and Balance
A hammer’s weight determines how much force you can generate with each swing. Heavier hammers are better for tough jobs, while lighter ones are easier to use for detailed work.
- Heavier hammers: Provide more power and ideal for demolition or framing.
- Lighter hammers: Easier to control for precise tasks, like finish carpentry.
- Balanced design: A well-balanced hammer feels comfortable to swing and helps reduce fatigue.
Handle Length and Grip
The length of the handle affects leverage and control, while the grip influences comfort and safety:
- Longer handles: Offer more power but can be harder to maneuver in tight spaces.
- Shorter handles: Better for precision and for use in confined areas.
- Ergonomic grips: Reduce strain on your hand and provide a better, more secure hold.
Task-Specific Features
Some hammers come with added features that can make your job easier.
- Anti-vibration technology: Reduces shock and makes long-term use more comfortable.
- Nail starters: Helpful for starting nails with one hand.
- Replaceable parts: High-quality hammers sometimes allow for the replacement of worn handles or heads.
Proper Hammer Technique
Knowing how to use a hammer properly will improve your results and keep you safe. In the video, Silva teaches the correct way to hold and swing a hammer for the best results.
Grip and Stance
For maximum leverage when using a hammer, hold it near the end of the handle and wrap your fingers and thumb around the grip. Avoid a hold that’s too close to the head. To add stability, stand with your feet shoulder-width apart.
Swinging Technique
To drive a nail effectively, align your shoulder, the hammer, and the target in a straight line. Strike the nail squarely to prevent bending it or damaging the work surface. Be sure to use your entire arm rather than just your wrist for the swing.
Safety Considerations
Before using a hammer, inspect it to confirm the head is securely attached to the handle. Never use a hammer with a loose or damaged head or handle. Always wear safety glasses to protect your eyes from any flying debris.
Hammer Maintenance and Care
Taking care of your hammer will extend its life and keep it performing well. Here’s what we recommend:
- Cleaning: Wipe down the head and handle after use, especially if they’ve been exposed to moisture or other damaging materials.
- Storage: Store your hammer in a dry place to prevent rust, and keep it in a toolbox or on a rack to protect it.
- Inspection: Regularly check for loose heads, cracks, or damage to the striking face. If the handle is cracked, replace it to avoid accidents.
