Wall cracks are a common issue many homeowners face, often appearing above windows, doors, or corners. These blemishes can be unsightly and concerning, but don’t despair – they can be covered and repaired. Whether you’re dealing with hairline fractures or more substantial cracks, we’ll walk you through the process of understanding, assessing, and fixing your walls.
Causes and Types of Wall Cracks
Before beginning repairs, it’s good to understand why wall cracks occur in the first place and the different types you might encounter. This way, you can address the root cause and choose the most effective repair strategy.
Common Causes of Wall Cracks
Wall cracks can develop for various reasons, often related to the natural settling of a house or changes in environmental conditions. Some common causes include:
- Settling foundation: As a house settles over time, it can cause stress on walls, leading to cracks.
- Drying lumber: When framing lumber dries out and shrinks, it can create tension in the walls
- Temperature fluctuations: Extreme temperature changes can cause materials to expand and contract
- Moisture issues: Excess humidity or water damage can weaken wall materials and cause cracking.
- Poor construction techniques: Improper framing or drywall installation can lead to premature problems.
Types of Wall Cracks You May See
Figuring out which type of crack you’re dealing with will help determine the best repair method. Here are a list of potential types you’ll see:
- Hairline cracks: These are thin, superficial cracks that typically don’t indicate structural issues.
- Vertical cracks: Often caused by settling, these cracks run straight up and down.
- Horizontal cracks: These can be more serious and may indicate foundation problems or water damage.
- Diagonal cracks: Usually appearing near doors and windows, these can be caused by settling or frame shrinkage.
- Stair-step cracks: Common in brick or block walls, these follow the mortar lines and may indicate foundation issues.
Assessing the Severity of Wall Cracks
Once you’ve identified the type of crack, start by establishing how bad it is. This will help you decide whether to tackle the repair yourself or hire professional help.
When To DIY vs. Call a Professional To Fix a Wall Crack
For minor cracks, such as hairline fractures or small vertical cracks, a DIY approach will often get the job done. However, there are situations where professional help is the better decision, such as:
- Cracks wider than 1/4 inch
- Cracks that are growing or changing over time
- Horizontal cracks in foundation walls
- Cracks accompanied by other signs of structural damage, such as sticking doors or windows
If you’re unsure about the severity of a crack, it’s best to call a structural engineer or experienced contractor.
Tools and Materials Needed for Crack Repair
For DIY repairs, you’ll need the following tools and materials. Having these items on hand will help you tackle most minor wall crack repairs.
- Putty knife or can opener (for widening cracks)
- Adhesive-backed fiber mesh drywall tape
- Joint compound
- Sandpaper (fine grit)
- Paint and primer
- Paintbrushes or rollers
- Dust mask and safety goggles
Preparing the Wall for Crack Repair
Follow these steps to get your wall ready for patching.
Clean and Inspect the Cracked Area
Start by thoroughly cleaning the area around the crack. Remove any loose paint, dust, or debris using a damp cloth. Once clean, inspect the crack closely to determine its extent and any underlying issues.
Widen the Crack for Better Repair
For a more permanent repair, it’s actually sometimes necessary to widen the crack slightly. This technique, known as “undercutting,” helps the repair material adhere better. You can use the pointed tip of a can opener or putty knife, holding it at a slight angle to undercut and widen the crack. This step creates a better surface for the repair materials to bond with the existing wall.
Step-by-Step Guide To Covering Wall Cracks
Now that you’ve prepared the wall, it’s time to begin the repair itself. Follow these steps for a professional-looking finish.
Apply Mesh Tape To Bridge the Crack
After widening the crack, the next step is to bridge it with adhesive-backed fiber mesh drywall tape. This tape creates a strong foundation for the repair and helps prevent the crack from reappearing. Cut a piece of tape slightly longer than the crack and press it firmly over the damaged area, making sure it sticks well to the wall surface.
Use Joint Compound for a Smooth Finish
Once the tape is in place, it’s time to apply the joint compound. Using a 4-inch-wide putty knife, spread a thin coat of joint compound over the taped crack. Be sure to feather the edges of the compound to blend it smoothly with the surrounding wall surface. Allow this first coat to dry completely before moving to the next step.
Sanding and Feathering Techniques
After the initial coat of joint compound has dried, lightly sand the area to remove any bumps or ridges. Then, apply at least two more coats of joint compound, feathering each one slightly further out than the previous coat to blend it in with the wall. Sand between each coat for the smoothest possible finish.
Advanced Techniques for Stubborn Wall Cracks
Some cracks can be particularly challenging to repair. Here are some advanced techniques for dealing with persistent issues.
Recurring Cracks
If cracks keep reappearing after your repair, it may indicate a more serious underlying problem. Consider using an elastomeric caulk designed for crack repair before applying mesh tape and joint compound. This flexible material can work better for minor structural movements.
Cracks in Textured Walls
Repairing cracks in textured walls requires an extra step to match the surrounding texture. After completing the standard repair process, you’ll need to recreate the texture. This can be done using a texture spray or by applying joint compound with a specialized texture roller or brush to mimic the existing pattern. Depending on the pattern, there are a number of videos online to help you master the look.
Painting Over Repaired Wall Cracks
The final step in covering wall cracks is painting the repaired area to match the rest of the wall.
Choosing the Right Paint and Primer
Select a primer that’s compatible with your joint compound and wall paint. Apply the primer over the repaired area and allow it to dry completely. Then, choose a paint that matches your existing wall color. If you’re unsure of the exact shade, consider repainting the entire wall for a uniform look.
Tips for Seamless Blending
To blend the repair into the original wall without a trace, follow these tips:
- Use the same paint sheen as the existing wall
- Apply paint with a roller for a consistent texture
- Feather the edges of your paint application to blend with the surrounding area
- Consider using a paint additive designed to hide repairs for an even more seamless finish
Preventing Future Wall Cracks
While some cracking is inevitable as a home settles, there are steps you can take to minimize future issues.
Keep the Right Home Humidity
Consistent humidity levels in your house can help prevent wood framing from expanding and contracting repeatedly, which can lead to cracks. Use a dehumidifier in damp areas, and consider a whole-house humidifier in dry climates to keep your humidity levels between 30–50%.
Regular Inspection and Maintenance
Regularly inspect your walls, especially in areas prone to cracking, such as around windows and doors. Address any small cracks quickly to prevent them from getting worse. Also be sure to survey your home’s exterior to prevent water infiltration, which can lead to structural issues and cracking.
Covering Cracks with Wall Coverings or Panels
In some cases, decorative wall coverings or panels can be used to hide persistent cracks. Here are some ideas.
Wall Coverings
Decorative wall art, such as wallpaper or textured panels, can conceal minor cracks and enrich the room’s appearance. These come in various styles, patterns, and textures, allowing you to choose an option that suits your home’s decor. When applying wall coverings:
- Make sure the surface is smooth and clean
- Use appropriate adhesive for the covering material
- Carefully align patterns for a seamless look
- Smooth out bubbles and wrinkles as you apply the covering
Installation of Wall Panels
Wall panels made of materials like wood, MDF, or PVC can also effectively hide cracks while adding a modern or rustic touch to your space. Here’s how to install wall panels:
- Measure and cut panels to fit the wall
- Apply adhesive to the back of each panel
- Press panels firmly against the wall
- Secure with nails or screws if necessary
Wall panels are especially useful in high-traffic areas or rooms prone to moisture, such as basements and bathrooms. They provide a durable, long-lasting solution to wall cracks, combining functionality with style.
Our Conclusion
Covering up wall cracks is a manageable task for many homeowners and simply requires patience and attention to detail. By understanding the causes of cracks, assessing their severity, and following the steps outlined in this guide, you can effectively repair most minor wall damage and maintain the appearance of your home. Remember that while DIY repairs can address many common wall cracks, persistent or severe cracking may indicate underlying structural issues. In such cases, don’t hesitate to call an expert to help keep your home’s long-term integrity intact.