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Grub hoe- Power tiller/cultivator
- Garden trowel
- Garden rake
Ground cover plants offer an attractive, low-maintenance alternative to traditional lawns. These versatile plants can transform difficult-to-mow areas, control erosion on slopes, and add visual interest to your landscape. Learn how to plant ground cover, correctly water and maintain it, and troubleshoot common issues in our step-by-step guide below. Then watch the video above for tips from This Old House landscaping contractor Roger Cook.
Choosing the Right Ground Cover
Consider the factors below when you’re deciding which type of ground cover is most appropriate for your space:
Light Requirements
Different ground cover plants thrive in different light conditions. Some of the most popular options are below.
- Shady areas: Pachysandra, vinca minor, ajuga
- Sunny areas: Baltic ivy, creeping phlox, sedum
Soil Type and Drainage
Make sure the ground cover you choose is compatible with your soil conditions. Some plants prefer well-draining soil, while others can tolerate moist environments.
Growth Rate and Spread
Consider how quickly you want to fill in your outdoor space. Fast-growing species such as ivy can provide quick coverage, while slower-growing options may take longer to establish, but require less maintenance.
Preparing the Ground Cover Site
You must properly prepare your site to create successful ground cover. Follow the steps below to create an ideal planting environment:
- Remove existing grass and weeds using a grub hoe or sod cutter.
- Loosen the soil with a power tiller or cultivator to a depth of 2 or 3 inches.
- Incorporate organic matter such as peat moss to improve soil quality.
- Level the area with a garden rake to create an even planting surface.
- Apply a low-nitrogen fertilizer to provide nutrients without risking root burn.
Ground Conver Planting Techniques
The planting process varies depending on the type of ground cover you’ve chosen, but you can start with the general guidelines below for any ground cover.
Spacing
- Space larger plants such as ivy about 10 inches apart.
- Space smaller plants such as pachysandra 4–6 inches apart.
Planting Process
- Dig holes that are slightly larger than the root ball of each plant.
- Place the plant in the hole.
- Backfill with soil, and gently firm around the roots.
- Water thoroughly after planting to settle the soil.
Mulching and Edging Your Ground Cover
You can establish your plants successfully and improve the appearance of the ground cover by properly mulching and edging.
Mulching Benefits
- Improves soil quality as it decomposes
- Retains soil moisture
- Suppresses weed growth
Mulching Process
- Spread a 2–3 inch layer of bark mulch around the ground cover you’ve planted.
- Keep mulch away from the stems of the plants to prevent rot.
Edging
Create a defined border between your ground cover and other landscape elements by following the steps below.
- Install edging before you begin planting to avoid disturbing the new ground cover.
- Use landscape edging materials such as plastic, metal, or stone.
Watering and Maintenance of Ground Cover Plants
You must properly care for your plants to keep your ground cover healthy. Follow the steps below.
Watering Schedule
Water deeply 2–3 times per week during the first growing season. Adjust watering frequency based on rainfall and temperature.
Weed Control
- Remove weeds immediately to prevent competition with the ground cover.
- Use mulch to suppress weed growth.
Fertilizing
- Apply a low-nitrogen fertilizer in early spring to promote healthy growth.
- Avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to excessive growth and maintenance.
Combining Different Ground Covers
Combine different types of ground cover to enhance your landscape design.
Considerations for Mixing Species
- Choose plants that have similar growing requirements.
- Consider texture, color, and growth habits when pairing plants.
- Use curves or natural barriers to separate different species.
Troubleshooting Common Ground Cover Issues
You may encounter challenges even if you properly plant and care for your ground cover. Below are some common issues and solutions.
Bare Patches
- Cause: Uneven growth or plant die-off
- Solution: Replant bare areas with new plants or encourage spreading by pinning down runners.
Invasive Growth
- Cause: Aggressive species that spread beyond the growth areas you’ve designated
- Solution: Install root barriers or choose less aggressive species for future plantings.
Pest and Disease Problems
- Cause: Various insects or pathogens
- Solution: Identify the specific issue and treat it with an appropriate organic or chemical control.
