All About Japanese Maples

With their delicate foliage and striking shapes, Japanese maples have captivated gardeners for centuries. In the video, landscape contractor Jenn Nawada shares her expertise on Japanese maples, including their origins, varieties, and care requirements. Below, we cover everything you need to know about these stunning trees.

What are Japanese Maples?

Japanese maples, scientifically known as Acer palmatum, are deciduous trees native to Japan, Korea, and parts of China. These ornamental trees, naturally found in forests, have gained popularity worldwide for their striking appearance and adaptability to various garden styles. 

Unlike most other plants, Japanese maples are naturally variable. There are several different leaf forms, colors, and shapes—in fact, there are believed to be over 1,000 different varieties thanks to cultivars. 

Types of Japanese Maples

There are two common types of Japanese maples—upright and weeping.

Upright Japanese maples are as wide as they are tall, between 10 and 25 feet. They’ll usually have a rounded crown, and they’re ideal for homeowners who love fall colors. Many of the most popular upright types have red foliage all summer, but green versions are available as well.

Weeping Japanese maples have either rounded crowns, such as the Red Dragon, or weeping branches, including the Green Cascade. These tend to be smaller than the upright variety, measuring between 5 to 10 feet on average. However, even with shorter heights, they can grow wide. For example, the Green Cascade is only 5 feet tall but can be up to 8 feet wide.

Many dwarf varieties are weeping. Compact and with layered growth, they’re ideal for limited yards or gardens. Some dwarf Japanese maples, such as the Velvet Viking Japanese Maple, are only 3 feet tall, but others can be up to 10 feet.

Growing Japanese Maples

Successfully growing Japanese maples requires an understanding of their preferred conditions. Before you purchase a variety, you’ll want to consider their climate, soil, water, and lighting requirements. 

• Climate: Japanese maples are best suited for U.S. Department of Agriculture Plant (USDA) Hardiness Zones 5–8. Certain varieties do better in certain Zones.
• Soil: To thrive, Japanese maples need well-draining, slightly acidic soil rich in organic matter. Poor soil can result in slow growth and high stress. 
• Water: They prefer consistent moisture as they’re prone to drought and can’t tolerate waterlogged conditions. 
• Lighting: Many of these trees prefer partial shade, away from the hot afternoon sun, but others love the light. Some Japanese maples will even do well in full shade. Consider the variety when selecting the best spot for your new maple.

Caring for Japanese Maples

Japanese maples tend to be relatively low-maintenance, but they do require some care.

Pruning

Pruning is an important aspect of Japanese maple care, helping to maintain the tree’s shape and health. Jenn Nawada demonstrates in the video that pruning should be done in either winter or summer, avoiding spring when new growth is emerging. 

When pruning, focus on removing dead or crossing branches, shaping the tree to enhance its natural form, and thinking out dense areas to improve air circulation. Use clean, sharp pruning tools and make cuts at a slight angle just above a leaf node or branch junction.

Fertilizing and Feeding

Japanese maples generally don’t require heavy fertilization. In fact, over-fertilizing can lead to excessive growth and weak branches. If your tree shows signs of nutrient deficiency, such as pale leaves or slow growth, apply a slow-release, balanced fertilizer in early spring before new growth begins. 

Winter Protection

In colder or harsher regions, young Japanese maples often need winter protection. To care for your tree:

• Apply a thick layer of mulch around the base of the tree to insulate the roots.
• Wrap the trunk and main branches with burlap to protect against winter sunscald.
• Create a windbreak using stakes and burlap if the tree is exposed to harsh winter winds.
• For container-grown trees, move them to a sheltered location or wrap the pot to prevent freezing.

Common Japanese Maples Problems and Solutions

While Japanese maples are generally hardy trees, they can face certain challenges. Being aware of potential issues can help you address them promptly and maintain your tree’s health.

Leaf Scorch

Leaf scorch is a common problem for Japanese maples, especially in areas with hot summers or when trees are exposed to too much direct sunlight. Symptoms include browning leaf edges and crispy, curled leaves. 

To prevent leaf scorch, place your maples in partial shade, maintain consistent soil moisture, and use mulch to keep roots cool and retain moisture. In a heat wave, you should provide it with temporary shade, if possible.

Pests and Diseases

Japanese maples are relatively resistant to pests and diseases, but they can occasionally be affected by aphids, leaf spot diseases, scale insects, and verticillium wilt.

Regular inspection of your tree can help catch these issues early. Treat pest infestations with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil, and address diseases by improving air circulation and avoiding overhead watering.

Root Problems

Compacted soil and poor drainage can lead to root problems in Japanese maples. Signs of root stress include yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and branch dieback. To prevent root issues before planting, prepare the soil, avoid planting too deeply, and don’t compact the soil around the tree’s roots. Once planted, maintain a consistent watering schedule without overwatering.

Our Conclusion

Japanese maples are exquisite trees that can elevate any landscape with their graceful forms and stunning foliage. With proper care and placement, these versatile trees can thrive in a variety of settings, providing year-round interest and beauty. Whether you choose a classic upright variety or a unique weeping form, a Japanese maple is sure to become a cherished feature in your garden.