Brick pathways and walls add timeless charm and functionality to any home’s exterior. With many patterns available, homeowners can create unique designs that complement their property’s aesthetic. In the video above, This Old House mason Mark McCullough explains brick patterns available for walkways and walls. Our guide also includes tips on choosing the best brick patterns, how to create unique designs and recommendations for long-term maintenance.
Types of Brick Patterns
Brick patterns serve both aesthetic and functional purposes. While bricks are inherently sturdy, the way masons lay them can enhance the structure’s strength. Historically, some patterns were created to maximize strength while minimizing the required bricks.
Brick patterns were categorized into three main types, each serving a specific purpose:
- Structural patterns: Designed to distribute weight and resist forces
- Decorative patterns: Focused on aesthetic appeal and complementing architectural styles
- Hybrid patterns: Combining structural integrity with aesthetic considerations for the best of both worlds
Today, McCullough says most brick surfaces are veneers—essentially masonry skins over standard frame substrates or walkways on top of compacted surfaces. This shift allows homeowners to choose any pattern they want without compromising structural integrity.
Common Walkway Brick Patterns
Popular patterns offer visual interest and ease of installation to brick walkways. Here are some of the most common pattern options.
Running Bond
Running bond is the most common brick pattern for walkways, and its simplicity makes it versatile. In this pattern, bricks are laid on edge in courses, with joints staggered in the middle of the bricks in the previous layer, known as a course. You can arrange the bricks horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. This method offers a cost-effective and straightforward installation.
Basketweave
The basketweave pattern creates an intriguing texture that stands out in outdoor settings. Bricklayers create it by laying pairs of bricks in 90-degree alternating directions, resembling a woven pattern and adding complexity. It’s relatively simple to lay out, even for beginners. Standard bricks (4 inches wide by 8 inches long) create alternating 8-inch squares, offering a balanced look.
Herringbone
Herringbone patterns bring a dynamic element to walkways. The bricks are laid on their 2-inch edges at 90-degree angles to each other, creating a distinctive zig-zag effect ideal for focal points. This pattern requires more material and edge cuts, increasing the installation’s complexity and cost.
Common Wall Brick Patterns
The most common brick patterns for veneered walls often include header courses. In traditional brickwork, a header course consists of a row of bricks laid perpendicular to the wall’s surface. This element helped tie brick courses together for added strength. However, modern veneer walls no longer need the added stability. Instead, builders use bricks cut in half to create the appearance of header bricks.
American Bond
The American bond, also known as the common bond, is popular due to its functionality and historical significance. This style originated from the need to conserve bricks in early colonial America. It features up to seven courses of running bond between header courses. It balances material efficiency and structural integrity.
English Bond
The English bond is a traditional brick-laying pattern with a strong and classic appearance. It consists of alternating courses of running bond and header courses, creating a robust visual pattern that enhances the structure’s aesthetics. Due to the frequent use of header courses, it requires more material. This bond is often seen in historic and high-end architectural applications.
Flemish Bond
Flemish bond combines form and function to provide a sophisticated appearance. It features a running bond with interspersed headers in each course, creating an intricate, almost diamond-like pattern. It requires careful planning to maintain consistent joint widths and offers a balance of strength and aesthetics. It’s a good choice for upscale projects.
Considerations When Choosing a Brick Pattern
Selecting the right brick pattern involves more than just aesthetics. Consider these factors to guarantee a successful project:
- Available space and desired layout: The size and shape of the area you’re working with, along with your design goals, will play a significant role in determining the best brick pattern. Certain patterns work better in larger spaces, while more decorative options may be a better choice for smaller, more confined areas.
- Budget constraints: The cost of materials and labor vary depending on the brick pattern you choose. Some intricate patterns require more bricks and skilled labor, which can drive up the overall project cost.
- Compatibility with existing architecture: The pattern should complement the overall style of your home. For example, the English bond pattern is popular in Victorian- and Colonial-era homes.
- Maintenance requirements: Some patterns may require more upkeep than others. For instance, some patterns may be more prone to weed growth between bricks or require frequent cleaning.
- Project type (walkway, wall, patio): The intended use of the space will influence which brick pattern you choose. Walkways might need a more durable and stable pattern, while walls and patios might feature visual appeal or specific design elements.
- Skill level required for installation: Some brick patterns are straightforward and can be installed by a DIY enthusiast, while others are complex and may require professional expertise for proper alignment and durability.
Maintaining Your Brick Pattern
To keep your brick pattern looking its best, regularly sweep or blow away debris to clean the surface. Also, apply sealant as recommended for your specific brick type to protect against weather and wear. Periodically wash the surface with a mild detergent to remove dirt and stains.
Inspect your brick every so often. If you notice any shifting or settling, address it promptly to prevent further damage. Repoint mortar joints as needed to maintain the integrity of the structure.
Creative Applications and Enhancements for Brick Patterns
Brick patterns aren’t limited to walkways and walls. Creative homeowners and designers are finding new ways to incorporate these patterns into various outdoor and indoor applications. We’ve highlighted a few examples below:
- Driveways: Enhance your driveway with durable and aesthetically pleasing patterns like running bond or herringbone.
- Fireplaces and accent walls: Brick patterns can add a rustic charm or modern elegance to fireplaces and feature walls.
- Garden borders: Use brick patterns to define garden areas, adding structure and style.
- Patios: Incorporate herringbone or basketweave patterns to create visually striking outdoor living spaces.
Combine Patterns for Unique Effects
You can combine different brick patterns within a project to create unique designs and focal points for your home. We’ve listed recommendations on the best areas to incorporate combined brick patterns in your design.
- Borders and inlays: Combine patterns to create decorative borders or inlays, adding complexity and interest.
- Feature sections: Highlight specific wall or floor sections with a distinct pattern to make them stand out.
- Transition areas: Use one pattern for main walkways and a different one for transition areas to define spaces.
Enhance Patterns With Color and Texture
Beyond the basic layout, color, and texture can significantly impact the final look of your brickwork. For example, you can use bricks of different colors to create contrast and depth. The color of the mortar—from classic gray or white to dark brown or black—can complement or contrast with the bricks. You can choose textured bricks for a more rustic or natural appearance.
